Typically 130 feet (40 meters) along the keel and 30 feet (9.1 meters) across the beam, galleons had three full masts and three decks that could hold a maximum of 800 crew and passengers. Spain’s exploits in the Americas converted to massive economic dividends. What kinds of people made up these galleon crews? In 16th century Spanish circles, the basic rule prescribed by shipbuilders and the administration entailed how each ship should carry one person per tonelada of its weight. According to Pablo E. Perez-Mallaina in Spain’s Men of the Sea, the captain’s sole duty was to defend the ship from enemy attack. This unstable employment led many to seek outside sources of income. The carpenter was indispensable on a ship built mainly of wood. Well, by taking 300 seconds (cycle time to produce one part) over 50 seconds (takt time) … A Voyage round the World containing the most remarkable things he saw in the Philippine Islands. For example, in the Spanish Armada, the 700-850 toneladas galleons carried around 30-40 guns (divided between canones, culebrinas, and other smaller guns), while the largest 1,000-toneladas ones carried 50 guns. By 1520s, a solution was hatched in the form of the averia – a special tax levied on goods traded across the Atlantic, and the money, in turn, was used to fund the crafting of warships that were to escort the merchant vessels. A typical Galleon of the time weighed 500 tons, 30 guns and 180 crew. One of the primary design changes focused on smaller yet more maneuverable galleon types – some of which were also tasked with carrying coins from the Americas. Officially, they were to take orders from sailors and officers pertaining to the ship’s handling, but many times their superiors used them for personal services such as cooking, cleaning and grooming. The captain was the supreme commander in this case. If we go by the aforementioned ratio-based formula, the very same vessel would have additionally carried around 120-125 soldiers onboard. 1 First Mate 3. By the 1540s, such Spanish galleons were built as dedicated warships (with some cargo carrying capacity) that were typically smaller than naos. And in case we have not attributed or misattributed any image, artwork or photograph, we apologize in advance. Such arrangements were complemented by strict regulations that dictated the specified construction and adjustment of almost every section of the ship. This design caused the Galleon to pitch and roll more easily than other ships. The youngest of the crew were the pages or ship’s boys. Now judging by this nomenclature, it becomes somewhat evident that the Spanish viewed their galleon ships as naval extensions of actual fortresses on lands. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press. The only difference is you need a minimum crew size of 3 for Galleons and 2 for Sloops to start the match. The adoption of such tactics translated to ships being used as floating artillery platforms, thereby resulting in the design of heavier vessels with more number of guns – better known as the ‘ship of the line’. At the age of 20, successful apprentices received a document certifying him as a sailor. Harking back to our romanticized notions of the veritable Spanish Armada and the early transatlantic trade routes of the 16th century, the Galleon serves as the quintessential template of the Spanish naval might. There is hardly an Indian who has sailed the seas who does not understand the mariner’s compass, and therefore on this [Acapulco] trade-route there are some very skilful and dexterous helmsmen.”. Their disposition is most humble in the presence of a Spaniard, and they show him great respect; but they can teach many of the Spanish mariners who sail these seas.”, “The little I understand about them makes me think that these are people most suited for the sea; and if the ships are manned with crews one third Spaniards and the other two-thirds Indians, the best mariners of these islands can be obtained, and many of them can be employed in our warships. : Indio Contributions to the Acapulco-Manila Galleon Trade,” in Explorations a graduate student journal of southeast Asian studies. 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The so-called “captain” would travel as a passenger with no specific duties. In terms of placements, the largest guns were carried as stern chasers, while the others, divided between the two broadsides, were arranged along a long gundeck. Because of the experience required for this position, the average age of pilots was over 40 years. The predicament was even exacerbated by the rats polluting the clean food and water sources and even damaging the sails. Based on the details available it seems like a pretty strong chance that the new ship type will be a 2-3 man Crew size ship with two masts/sails that rests between the Sloop and Galleon in the spectrum of things. The Egyptians, Cretans, and other ancient peoples used sail-equipped galleys for both war and commerce. And in mainland Spain, Bilbao and its surrounding regions became the most important center for shipbuilding, not only because of access to good-quality timber but also because the nearby Basque area iron-industries furnished the artillery needed for the galleons. As we mentioned before in the article, the placement and fixing of armaments atop naval crafts were the responsibilities of the Spanish royal authorities, and, this, in turn, resulted in the valid documentation of the types of weapon systems, artillery, and ordnance used by the galleon. A new Ship is automatically spawned when a player or team of players f… No Crew Required. He accomplished this with a whistle from the poop deck, while his assistant, the boatswain mate, directed the work at prow. These well-armed vessels relied on sails while being also accommodated with secondary oars (or sweeps) until the latter mechanism was totally relegated by the 1560s. Suffice it to say, the canones and culebrinas (subdivided into various weights and sizes) were the mainstays of the Spanish galleon; and the capacity of the vessel itself often mirrored the number of guns on board. Dutton & Co., Inc. Searles, USN Commander P.J. By circa 1560 AD, Spain alone accounted for 99 tons of gold shipped from the New World. Latest. Yachts. Apprentices were sailors in training. The enemy's guns more often damaged the rigging and masts, and inflicted serious wounds on the crew from flying splinters when shot crashed through wood. The carpenter and caulker were responsible for the maintenance of the hull. They had to know how to make gunpowder, fill grenades, select the type of projectiles to use against an enemy ship, maneuver, load and fire the cannon, maintain it and keep it steady aboard the moving ship. They handled the rigging and ropes during maneuvers and attended to the sounding line that determined the water’s depth. Smaller galleons functioned with a crew of 50, while the crew of the larger galleons could number more than 400. Among these, the pedreros – used as close-range anti-personnel weapons, and bombardettas – with their lower ranges when compared to bronze guns, were increasingly considered as outdated by the 17th century. Their employment was for the duration of the expedition. Quite intriguingly, even the English designed their own version of a galleon (or a vessel that was somewhat visually akin to a galleon) in 1545 AD known as the gallyon, but the craft was smaller in size with sweeps. Those with family ties to a high-ranking officer or who were able to forge a friendship with a crew member had the best protection. Vol II. Ideal crew numbers were probably not often reached but ships had always started the journey with over the minimum number of crew needed in order to account for the loss they will sustain on the journey. The Manila Galleon. However, this seemingly ambitious phase of shipbuilding was only transitory – since the Spanish crown decided to ‘refocus’ on the commercial potential of the galleon. Mateo, Jose Eugenio Borao. As for the guns themselves, according to Angus Konstam, there were several varieties, including the larger canones (cannon), culebrinas (culverins), pedreros (stone-shotted guns), bombardettas (wrought-iron guns), and versos (swivel guns). Also, the 1588 campaign was a shock defeat for the Spanish Armada, and the result may have ushered in changes in the Spanish navy. Crew size depended on the size of the galleon. Few galleons sank from enemy attacks, though. ... Of course, this is much easier when you have the numbers of a galleon crew and you swarm a solo player on a sloop. Some of the crew members were shipwrecked in the islands, and some chose to stay and married CHamoru women. Many generals and admirals owned ships that they leased to the king. Whereas earlier patterns entailed the experienced (but still personal) judgment of the generational shipbuilders, late 16th and early 17th centuries brought forth the ideals of mathematical precision and measurements that dictated the flow of work and design elements of maritime vessels. While the pilot required knowledge in the sciences, experience and traditional knowledge was just as valuable. “Where the Galleons Rest.” Edited by Sonia P. Ner. The boatswain mate was primarily charged with being in command of the ships auxiliary craft. He was responsible for not only obtaining the cargo, but the crew, ship’s equipment, arms and provisions. RealmofHistory(C)2019. 20: Bibliography of Micronesia, ships through Micronesia, Cumulative Index. June 18, 2009. The highest-ranking positions on the ship were the pilot, the master and the captain. In 1762 HMS Panther and the 28-gun frigate Argo captured the large 'Manila' galleon Santísima Trinidad. One such case was Fernando Antonio Izquierdo, who in 1754 was found guilty of murdering Cayetano Méxica, a Mexican surgeon serving in Anigua, Guam. The Sloop is a sailable ship in Sea of Thieves. Sea of Thieves Dev Explains Why the Maximum Crew Size Is 4 Players ... One player could now sail a four-person galleon alone, using the game's "Make Friends" emote to manually gather a crew… However, the transatlantic routes also brought forth their fair share of logistical challenges – with the primary one pertaining to how early 16th-century Spanish merchant ships had to operate on their own in those dangerous voyages. Small size makes it harder to hit in fights; Cons. A pilot had to recognize the sea and landscapes where he sailed, be able to read the clues from the ocean, waves and sky, the winds and the animals. But in the majority of cases, he writes, “this charge was more or less honorific, and the onboard activity of the captain consisted in nothing more that directing the defense of the ship in case of enemy attack.” He says that the general of the fleet could honor a distinguished gentleman by naming him as captain. To that end, the early galleons, while refined in their design, tended to serve as armed platforms that could provide supporting fire and resultant smoke – the latter being used for the masked maneuvers while boarding enemy ships. Similarly, the smaller forecastle (upper deck forward of the foremast) was simply called the castillo (castle). “Spanish Galleons.” Guam Recorder, March – August 1940. If you want to sail in a galleon, the max crew is four players. Levesque, Rodrique, Compiler, Editor and Translator. How many sails does the ship have? The Sea of Thieves max crew size has been a point of contention between players and developers since the first beta launched. These ships were also progressively used as escort vessels (in place of the ponderous naos) for the naval convoys that traveled between Spain and the Americas. Over time, their versatility also translated into a commercial advantage, with the some of the galleons being converted into armed coin-carrying ships of the Spanish crown – as mentioned earlier in the article (see the Royal Galleon entry). To that end, it should be noted that the Spanish Armada consisted of different kinds of vessels and warships, ranging from the naos, galleasses to smaller crafts. However, the galleon also shared some design features with the nao, given its sturdier construction and stronger sailing rig. For example, the multi-tiered sterncastle behind the mainmast (or mizzenmast) was often referred to as the alcazar (fortress), while the entire space was also called the tolda (awning). In fact, during the campaign of 1588, the English commanders preferred to engage in artillery duels, thereby not allowing the Spanish galleons and other warships to come in close range. Intelligent and skilled sailors could advance to the position of gunner or sea officer and in some cases, if they had the means and wherewithal to stop work and attend classes in Seville, they could eventually advance to the position of pilot. The reduction in their war-capability possibly also reflects how the Spaniards faced little to no opposition on their maritime trade routes, especially during the period between the 1590s till 1620s. Consequently, the galleons were breeding grounds for various diseases, including yellow fever (and its high mortality rate) exported from the Caribbean. The general and admiral of each fleet was first selected for each expedition by the House of Trade and confirmed by the Spanish monarch and the Council of the Indies. 10 Gunners Hull Strength: 6,980 HP 1. In this case, the page was exclusively at the service of his protector, unlike “ship’s pages” that were at the service of the entire crew. While it cannot maneuver well like the smaller Sloop, the Galleon is unmatched in firepower and speed. Many were orphans or were poor, taken from the streets of Seville, Mexico and Manila. 1 Helmsman 5. During the time of King Philip II’s reign (1556-98), the Spanish galleon increased in size and capacity. Essentially, this translated to a Spanish crown’s near monopoly on the transatlantic trade route that not only covered coins and ingots of silver and gold but also a wealth of other valuable items like emeralds and pearls. Galley, large seagoing vessel propelled primarily by oars. Spain’s Men of the Sea: Daily Life on the Indies Fleet in the Sixteenth Century. And this space was rather reduced for the rank-and-file mariner, especially with the captain and his officers occupying the relatively ‘comfortable’ quarters of the upper deck. To that end, records of the Spanish navy from the early 17th century show that each galleon had an average of 90 to 100 crew members, excluding the soldiers. In that regard, during the Battle of Preveza in circa 1538 AD, a Venetian ship, described as a galleon, was said to have countered multiple Turkish galleys – thereby suggesting how the vessel was well-armed and yet maneuverable. Vol. Quebec: Levesque Publications. 2002. Added to this revolting scope was the danger of other vermin, including cockroaches, fleas, and lice. One such case was the Frenchman, Antoine Limarie Boucourt who was the pilot on the Santissima Trinidad in 1755. For example, while the earlier galleons had capacities for 120 toneladas (Spanish tons), the post-1560 galleons tended to cross thresholds of 330 toneladas. According to historian Angus Konstam, the various sections of the galleon decks were named after castle elements. Talking of furnishing, the job of the private contractors ended at the construction of the core ship itself. In the 1520s, the Portuguese used patrol vessels in the Indian Ocean known as galleones, while by the 1530s, the French referred to the Spanish warships as a galeons. Suffice it to say, such cramped conditions spelled complications when it came to the sanitation of the galleon. Now while from the mathematical perspective, many of the galleons were possibly undermanned in regards to their weight, the available space for crew members onboard had always been cramped. Consequently, many of these treasure-carrying Royal Galleons were designed to be smaller and less-armed than their continental cousins. The scope was made more efficient with the correct labeling and storage of the different shots for the various caliber of the guns – which allowed for a streamlined approach during the high-intensity artillery duels. The scribe registered the cargo, wrote wills, and recorded judicial proceedings. Added to the crew number were the other men on board, including the soldiers (who were often carried in ratios of one soldier per four toneladas in the 1630s), officers, and assorted passengers. A player's current Ship also acts as their respawn point if they die (unless their Ship sank, in which case they respawn at a random Island). The largest were up to 1200 tons, but they were clumsy and slow Stats . 8 Riggers 7. With multiple sails and complex rigging, it took a minimum crew of 80 to operate proficiently. History of Micronesia, Vol. He was the administrator of the ship and had to certify to the owners of the ship, owners of the cargo and the government officials that all contracts and laws were followed and taxes paid. It should also be noted that the Spanish may have used the term galleon (or galeón) for most types of warships in their navy, while the Portuguese possibly used it to denote a particular type of warship. The boatswain mate was also in charge of disciplining apprentices and pages. Interestingly enough, the Spaniards themselves used the term galeón (meaning – ‘armed merchant ship’)  for one of their vessels that were designed to fight the Barbary pirates in circa 1517 AD. Furthermore, in times of war, the number of soldiers could actually be increased – thus transforming the galleon into a well-armed transport ship instead of a royal-sanctioned commercial vessel. MGTR Personnel However, it can hold 10 more cargo than a frigate, which will likely be needed for food to make up for the speed while traveling. ... A typical crew would consist of around 200 men. His job was to see to it that the ship had all the necessary resources, licensing and permits to carry out its mission. Vol 1-55. Many times individuals were sentenced to serve as crew on royal ships. Blair, Emma Helen and James Alexander (eds.). 12 Fighters 8. Viking style: The wiki article is pretty good and has an excellent list of external links for the layman. The steward was in charge of the food stores and for dispensing rations to the crew. 2011. (2004), the Frigate is the name used to refer both to the specific Ship Type called "Frigate", and the entire family of ships known as Frigates.The "Frigate" is the Smallest member of its class, and is also the most common. But such ratios were only devised for the mariners (or crew members) of the vessel. It should be noted that Guam at the time was considered to part of the Philippine Islands and it is likely that someone from Guam served onboard one of the ships used in the Manila Galleon trade. How many masts does the ship have? Honolulu: University of Hawaii. So by the 1590s, till the mid-17th century, the galleons tended to be even more trimmed, with their capacities averaging around 500 toneladas. In essence, sea crafts were built for specific purposes and their individual designs and schemas reflected such a function-based direction. Galleons guarded the treasure bound for Spain and the king’s coffers. For starters, the experienced sailors, as opposed to the soldiers, were given the responsibility of operating the artillery. Look at the cannons on one side of every ship, slop has 1, brig has 2, galleon has 4. Depending on the size of your crew, you’ll be sailing on one of two ships in Sea of Thieves.A one- or two-pirate crew means you’ll be sailing aboard a sloop, while a crew … He needed to ensure that all the material and human resources required to reach its destination were obtained and that the passengers and cargo were delivered in good condition. To that end, one hypothesis put forth in the academic circles relates to how the galleon was based on the design of caravels, possibly because of its ‘sleeker’ form-factor. Gunners were expert sailors that had mastered the use of the cannon. This allowed galleys to navigate independently of winds and currents. However it served the dual purpose of being both a Man-O-War and also a treasure/merchant ship. 1 Captain 2. The majority would have died from starvation, disease and scurvy. By the 1570s, the size of the Spanish galleon was increased even further to average capacities of around 500 tons. With the size of the ship, the number of crew members on board the ship also varied. The General was the supreme commander of the fleet. Coming to the shipbuilding of Spanish galleons, like other European nations, Spain also made practical changes to the operational ambit of the industry. “The arrival of the Spanish galleons in Manila from the Pacific Ocean and their departure along the Kuroshio stream (16th and 17th centuries),” in Journal of Geographical Research. In Sid Meier's Pirates! Careri, Dr. John Francis Gemelli. The officer in charge of the artillery was a sergeant. 1998. They also made use of lateen-rigged sails. 2014. Overall the crew size varied with size of the ship, and the available manpower. Smaller galleons functioned with a crew of 50, while the crew of the larger galleons could number more than 400. It possesses three masts and is currently the largest ship in the game. E-journal. Mangilao: Micronesian Area Research Center, University of Guam. June 7, 2019. The Galleon is allowed 614 pieces to be built on its frame (Atlas v18.61). This trend of adopting larger sizes for Atlantic convoys explains the (later) removal of oar-based systems from the vessels since sweeps mostly came in handy in coastal areas and calm seas, not the high seas. Thus the bulky nature of the sterncastle or alcazar, while sometimes having a detrimental effect on the maneuvering of the ship itself, also symbolized the imposing stature of the galleon. Lengths of 200 feet (60 metres) became common for such ships, which displaced 1,200 to 2,000 tons and had crews of 600 to 800 men. He needed to be able to predict a storm and have the theoretical knowledge to chart a course, and calculate his position using mathematical formulas and computations. War Galleon The War Galleon is the first remarkable one of the family, with a good size crew capacity and good firepower. Upon their return and the completion of their expedition they were unemployed. Please let us know via the ‘Contact Us’ link, provided both above the top bar and at the bottom bar of the page. Another source of crewmembers were deportees, prisoners and other undesirables from Spain and the colonies. It possesses three masts and is currently the largest ship in the game. In 1526 AD, the Spanish crown decided upon the flota system that basically entailed convoys of vessels guarded by the armed escort ships. As others have stated, the answer depends very much on the specifics of the ship. Accessed 3 March 2015. The guns were also supported by larger four-wheeled carriages instead of the feeble two-wheel ones. As the time passed, more and more robust clipper ships were made with iron keels and strong inner frame work. “What Really Made the World go Around? These crafts were used to load and unload the ship, to tow the ship when needed and to go in front of the ship to take soundings to avoid shallow water. Crew size depended on the size of the galleon. Water constables were charged with the rationing of water. They were good for fighting in relatively still waters but lacke… Mangilao, GU: Micronesian Area Research Center, University of Guam. IRL Tall ship sailor: A ship like the sloop (at the scale in the game) could be crewed by 4-6 sailors. Every afternoon the pages recited the tenets and principal prayers of the Christian faith. For example, two galleons, the Santisima Trinidad (in 1754 and 1755) and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario(1749) had crews of over 384, as presented in the table which you can access by clicking the link below. The caulker was tasked with filling the juncture of the hull planking and deck with oakum and tar. Most were entered into service at the age of eight, although boys as young as seven were known to be pressed into service. He was also charged with the maintenance of the bilge pumps. Minimum Cost: 130 VP Mass: 60,000 Max Thrust: 30,000 Max Speed: 15 km/h 1. Thus in the following decades, the galleon design and armaments went through numerous changes that rather propelled its status as a dedicated warship rather than an armed carrier. The very scope of shipbuilding in Europe witnessed a shift in paradigm after the 1580s. And by 1588 AD, when the Spanish Armada arguably was at its peak, the crown boasted three humongous 1,000-ton galleons accompanied by eight 800 ton galleons and eight 600 ton galleons. A galley is a type of ship that is propelled mainly by rowing.The galley is characterized by its long, slender hull, shallow draft, and low freeboard (clearance between sea and railing). Historian Angus Konstam noted how in the 16th century, the Spanish followed the naval doctrine of ship artillery being used as supporting weapons. Spanish officials in Manila found it increasingly difficult to find men to crew their ships, especially for the long and arduous return voyage to Acapulco. 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