These functions of management are universal regardless of the type of enterprise. (iii) Models and techniques are many times far from the realities of the management situation. Thus, contingency approach with situational emphasis and integration of environment into management and practice seems more appropriate in the contemporary context. Image Guidelines 4. The Interpersonal Behaviour Approach (Behaviour School), 3. (v) Impersonality of interpersonal relations. e. Although Taylor explained management as a separate and identifiable discipline, his stress of time and motion study and on efficiency at the shop level seemingly overlooked other aspects of management, having influence particularly in the U.K. and the U.S.A. f. Therefore, Taylors and scientific management to an extent overshadowed the work of Henry Fayol. The first of Mayo’s four studies took place at a Philadelphia textile mill. F.W. The behavioural approach on the human relations approach is based upon the premise of increase in production and managerial efficiency through an understanding of the people. The advocates of this school perceive management as a process consisting of planning, organising, commanding and controlling. The members of the organization are decision-makers and problem-solvers. It is towards the achievement of a common objective. So, he instituted a series of rest periods, during the workday. This unbiased approach predictably leads to optimum efficiency. This means that everyone must keep learning about new IT technologies on a continuing basis. iii. For doing any job, the best method should be found out. Management should encourage employees taking initiative i.e. Physical activities are carried out by the people inside the shop. Modern management theory can be traced from 1960s to today and it can be viewed more closely through three contemporary approaches to management, i.e., quantitative approach, simulation approach and contingency or situational approach. These elements are not necessarily sequential, but they are all essential elements of an activity. Automation is the current buzzword everywhere whether the organisation is in the agriculture, manufacturing or service sector. it is a selection of a possible alternative course of action Decision making approach studies the persons / organizational groups making the deci­sion, and the decision making process. Management plays a crucial role in the making of the organisation and therefore effective management is required to ensure every organisation is working towards a common objective or goal. The decision of what to achieve, and how to achieve it are the real challenges before a manager. Fayol believed work specialization is the best way to use the human resource in an organization. Hence, he can become a specialist and this specialisation will bring a better efficiency and maximum output. Those whose production was lower were paid a lower piece rate. The Socio Technical Systems Approach (E.L. Trist): This approach is based on the belief that personal attitudes and group behaviour are influenced by the technical system in which people work. Management Approaches is explained by Priyanka ma'am. Virtually there is no sector which is not revolutionized by IT. A management style is the particular way managers go about accomplishing these objectives. This approach is the very latest approach of existing approaches. The Behavioral Approach 3. An employee should receive orders from only one supervisor. There is strength in unity. In other words, IT has become an integral part of our lives. Indeed, there is a positive danger in relying too much on past experience…….. for the simple reason that a technique found “right” in the past may be far from an exact fit for a somewhat similar situation of the future. PP&E is impacted by Capex, Depreciation, and Acquisitions/Disposition… Data is objectively collected and analysed by the social scientists to study various aspects of human behaviour. This approach is also known as decision theory approach, mathematical approach, quantitative approach, operational approach etc. Henry Fayol regarded as father of modern management theory, for creating theory of general management applicable equally to all kinds of administration and in all fields i.e. The industrial revolution in England gave an immense impetus for the scientific management approach. (ii) There is orderly thinking in management leading to more exactness. (2) Systematic Arrangement – The elements of the system are arranged in a systematic and peculiar way for the achievement of the result. The waste efforts are eliminated. Here, managerial decisions are based more on the scientific techniques for providing quantitative base. Management problems vary with situation and require to be handled differently as situation demands. The scientific management concept was first developed by F.W. In recent years, as the interest, needs and importance of management have grown; different approaches and viewpoints to the study of management have come into being. This evolved that people are motivated by economic incentives and that they will rationally consider opportunities that provide for them the greatest economic gain. Mental activities are carried out by the people in the office. social, political or economic. The approach gives significance to Interpersonal relations, Personality Dynamics and Cultures of individuals and groups. 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