With its chestnut-like leaves and bright fall color, Chinkapin Oak is sure to make a statement in any landscape. Chinkapin Oak Leaves - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University. Small chinkapin oaks can be confused with dwarf chinkapin oak (Quercus prinoides); dwarf chinkapin oak has smaller leaves with 3 to 7 pairs of veins and teeth and shorter petioles. Herbarium specimens should (but too rarely do) include typical mature foliage, winter buds, and fully mature acorns, as well as notes on bark and stature of the plant. Adaptable to adverse soil conditions. Height: 45’ Spread: 45’ Site characteristics: Sandy to clay to rocky soils; full to partial sun Zone: 5a - 8b Wet/dry: Tolerates moderate drought Native range: Eastern United States pH: 5.0 - 8.2 Other: Extremely tolerant of alkaline soil Shape: Rounded and open Like all oaks, it does have a cluster of buds at the end of branches. Other diseases that attack chinkapin oak include the cankers Strumella coryneoidea and Nectria galligena, shoestring root rot (Armillarea mellea), anthracnose (Gnomonia veneta), and leaf blister (Taphrina spp.). Most oaks were used medicinally by Native Americans because of the astringent properties of the bark. Under the modern rules of botanical nomenclature, umlauts are transliterated, with ü becoming ue, hence Engelmann's Quercus mühlenbergii is now presented as Quercus muehlenbergii. The species was often called Quercus acuminata in older literature. Sawtooth oak acorns have large, shaggy caps unlike those of chinkapin oak. Seed Stratification: No stratification period is needed. The wood is heavy and is reported to be good firewood. Chinkapin oak tree bark and leaves. The bark of mature trees is thin, shaggy or flakey and brown to grayish in color and resembles that of white oak (Quercus alba). It specializes on bedrock with high pH, such as marble; as such, it is quite rare in New England, and is listed as threatened in Massachusetts. It is commonly found on dry bluffs, ridge tops, and rocky, south facing slopes. Chinquapin Oak bark is tan to grey and offers an interesting texture in a landscape. Quercus). [9], The chinquapin oak is especially known for its sweet and palatable acorns. Chinkapin Oak loves alkaline soil! Chinkapin oak is a medium sized tree (1 to 2 feet in diameter and 40 to 70 feet tall). Chinkapin Oak is … [citation needed], Chinkapin oak is classed as intolerant of shade. Chinkapin is not used extensively as an ornamental tree, although it is quite tolerant tougher sites. Early pioneers used its straight wood to make thousands of miles of fences in the states of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. The chinquapin oak is a larval host for the Gray Hairstreak butterfly and the flowers attract hummingbirds in April and May. Ames, IA 50011, Iowa State University | PoliciesState & National Extension Partners. This species can be identified year-round. It is native over all of Iowa except for the northwest one-quarter of the state. [2], Chinkapin oak is monoecious in flowering habit; flowers emerge in April to late May or early June. The acorns are 1/2 to 3/4 inch long, without a stalk; the caps are bowl shaped covering 1/3 to 1/2 of the acorn. Site Requirements: Best growth in moist, well-drained soils. Photo courtesy of Texas Tree Trails. Indeed, the nuts contained inside of the thin shell are among the sweetest of any oak, with an excellent taste even when eaten raw, providing an excellent source of food for both wildlife and people. The range extends from Maine to Nebraska and south to North Carolina and Texas. [5] In Canada it is only found in southern Ontario, and in Mexico it ranges from Coahuila south to Hidalgo. Strong tree, good for wildlife food and windbreaks. It is often found as a component of the climax vegetation in stands on mesic sites with limestone soils. Chinkapin Oak Quercus muehlenbergii Description & Overview. Blooming occurs May; fruiting occurs late May through September. ), larvae of moths (Valentinia glandulella and Melissopus latiferreanus), and gall forming cynipids (Callirhytis spp.) Distinguishing characteristics: Distinguished from other oaks by leaves with sharp teeth but lacking sinuses. Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii) occurs in southeast Texas and has larger leaves with rounded teeth. [citation needed]. 339 Science II Oak, Dwarf chinkapin (Quercus prinoides) Oak, red (Quercus rubra) This large oak grows in moist, well-drained, forested sites. Chinkapin Oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) Zones 3-9. [2], Key characteristics of Quercus muehlenbergii include:[7]. Chinkapin oak is notable for its shaggy bark, and its shiny, green leaves with shallow teeth that turn upwards at the tip and have a tiny projection (papilla) at each tip. Young trees retain a pyramidal to oval habit with a pale gray, scaly ridged central trunk. Chinkapin Oak TN native. Beaver feed on the bark and twigs [ 23 ], and porcupines consume the bark [ 71 ]. They are somewhat drought tolerant once established. In the White Oak Group and the bark is very similar to many of its relatives in the group, (off white with vertical strands or strips). [citation needed], The most common small tree and shrub species found in association with chinkapin oak include flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), Vaccinium spp., Viburnum spp., hawthorns (Crataegus spp. The acorns are eaten by squirrels, mice, voles, chipmunks, deer, turkey, and other birds. [2][6], Chinkapin oak is also sometimes confused with the related chestnut oak (Quercus montana), which it closely resembles. Copyright © 2020 Iowa State University of Science and Technology. It grows on both northerly and southerly aspects but is more common on the warmer southerly aspects. The acorns of chinquapin oak are a high quality, dependable food source [30,52]. Quercus muehlenbergii, the chinkapin or chinquapin oak, is a deciduous species of tree in the white oak group (Quercus sect. Mature trees of Rock Chestnut Oak have deeply furrowed bark, which is very unlike the thin flaky bark of Chinkapin Oak. Dwarf Chinkapin Oak - this is a much smaller species that often doesn't get much bigger than a shrub. Height: Varies with species. The Chinquapin Oak Tree is a medium sized tree in the white oak group, and the bark is gray-brown and scaly and quite distinct in the landscape. The bark is quite thin, breaking into plate-like scales similar to white oak. The chinkapin oak is also commonly referred to as a yellow chestnut oak, rock oak or yellow oak. Often maturing between 50 to 75 feet tall. It is an attractive tree that does best in moist to dry well-drained soil but adapts to different soil types. This oak tree has branches that emerge from the trunk reasonably close to the ground. Chinkapin oak prefers well drained soils along bottomlands or on limestone ridges bordering streams where it grows best. Plant groupings in large spaces or parks. It is native to central and eastern North America where it is typically found on dry upland sites often in rocky, alkaline soils. Chinkapin Oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) Zones 3-9. The chinkapin oak is a large white oak tree that grows to between 45 and 110 ft. (20 – 33 m). Since its recognition as a different species from the similar-appearing chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), Q. muehlenbergii has generally been regarded as a distinct species; no subspecies or varieties are currently recognized within it, although a few infraspecific variants had been accepted in the past. This oak was originally native to most states east of mid-Kansas excluding the east coast, southern coast, far north and Florida. Diseases that Can Affect Dwarf Chinkapin Oak Chinkapin oak is notable for its shaggy bark, and its shiny, green leaves with shallow teeth that turn upwards at the tip and have a tiny projection (papilla) at each tip. Unlike most white oaks, chinkapin oak is tolerant of alkaline soil. The Chinquapin Oak Tree is a medium sized tree in the white oak group, and the bark is gray-brown and scaly and quite distinct in the landscape. About half of the acorn is enclosed in a thin cup and is chestnut brown to nearly black. Like all oaks, it does have a cluster of buds at the end of … Chinquapin Oak / Chinkapin Oak sometimes called yellow chestnut oak, rock oak, or yellow oak. This tree is a reliable grower, even in the poorest of sites. Its whitish bark and branch structure create a beautiful silhouette in winter. In lack of evidence that Engelmann's use of the umlaut was an unintended error, and hence correctable, the muehlenbergii spelling is considered correct, although the more appropriate orthographic variant Quercus muhlenbergii is often seen. Although a beautiful tree, Chinkapin Oak has not been extensively studied due to its small numbers. Its glossy, coarsely-toothed leaves are yellow-green and small compared to most oaks. Oak leaves are extremely variable (in size, shape, and pubescence) from one part of the same tree to another, and from one tree to another of the same species. Sawtooth oak acorns have large, shaggy caps unlike those of chinkapin oak. It grows in association with white oak (Quercus alba), black oak (Q. velutina), northern red oak (Q. rubra), scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red maple (A. rubrum), hickories (Carya spp. Growing a diversity of native plants is important to sustain local and migratory wildlife. The roots of some seedlings may be trimmed for ease of planting and packaging purposes. The most common woody vines are wild grape (Vitis spp.) Beaver feed on the bark and twigs , and porcupines consume the bark . Facts About Chinkapin Trees Chinkapins are native to this country, growing naturally in the wild from New England to the Mexican border. However, fire scars serve as entry points for decay-causing fungi, and the resulting decay can cause serious losses. Its light gray bark and branch structure provide a nice silhouette in winter. [6] If the two are considered to be conspecific, the earlier-published name Quercus prinoides has priority over Q. muehlenbergii, and the larger chinkapin oak can then be classified as Quercus prinoides var. Noteworthy Characteristics. … Bark and acorns are entirely different, with sawtooth oak bark being dark brown and furrowed, while chinkapin oak bark is almost white and flaky. It does not have lobed leaves like most other oaks; its leaves are toothed like a chestnut. Although native, chinkapin oak is sporadic within its range and seldom is a dominant species in a woodland. The roots of some seedlings may be trimmed for ease of planting and packaging purposes. No matter the gender, flowers will bloom from April to early June. It is a deciduous tree reaching 30 m tall exceptionally up to 50 m, with a rounded crown and thin, scaly or flaky bark on the trunk. prinoides. The leaves emerge a pink-red in spring, turning a dark green above and paler beneath in summer. Chinkapin today is planted as a shade tree and is valuable for its lumber, which has many uses, ranging from fuel to fence posts to cabinetry and furniture. Habitat: Grows on rocky slopes and exposed bluffs. Chinkapin Oak. Quercus muehlenbergii, commonly called Chinkapin (or Chinquapin) oak, is a medium sized deciduous oak of the white oak group that typically grows 40-60’ (less frequently to 80’) tall with an open globular crown. Width: 40 to 70 feet. Autumn brings beautiful, red leaf color. These are bare root seedlings. March 11, 2016 Quercus muehlenbergii . The two species have contrasting kinds of bark: chinkapin oak has a gray, flaky bark very similar to that of white oak (Q. alba) but with a more yellow-brown cast to it (hence the occasional name yellow oak for this species), while chestnut oak has dark, solid, deeply ridged bark. Dwarf Chinkapin Oak - this is a much smaller species that often doesn't get much bigger than a shrub. Later on, the trees were used to fuel the steamships that ran from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. Chinkapin oaks are found on dry, limestone outcrops in the wild and perform well in alkaline soils. Chinkapin oak is generally found on soils that are weakly acid (pH about 6.5) to alkaline (above pH 7.0). Chinkapin oak is normally a tree, but on very dry and/or on soils with low fertility, it will become shrubby. Commonly fount in the east and southwest Iowa. [8], The low-growing, cloning Q. prinoides (dwarf chinkapin oak) is similar to Q. muehlenbergii and has been confused with it in the past, but is now generally accepted as a distinct species. Bark and acorns are entirely different, with sawtooth oak bark being dark brown and furrowed, while chinkapin oak bark is almost white and flaky. Keep your eyes peeled for grouse, turkey, quail and small creatures like chipmunks and squirrels. Because the tree is relatively rare, its wood is normally sold as white oak. However, many oak-hickory stands on moist sites that contain chinkapin oak are succeeded by a climax forest including beech, maple, and ash. Much like the White Oak, the bark has shallow grooves, an ash-like look and peels off as the tree matures making it a striking specimen both in landscape and in the wild. Wildlife Habitat Programs and Consultation, Alternate, simple, lobed; lobes with rounded tips. In summer, excellent foliage is appreciated for its shade. All rights reserved. It’s one of the few oaks that tolerates alkaline […] It is rarely a predominant tree, but it grows in association with many other species. The acorns of chinquapin oak are a high quality, dependable food source [ 30, 52 ]. The wood can be sold as White Oak, but the tree is not found in large enough quantities for silvicultural research. The tree's scientific name honors Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753–1815), a Lutheran pastor and amateur botanist in Pennsylvania. The staminate flowers are borne in catkins that develop from the leaf axils of the previous year, and the pistillate flowers develop from the axils of the current year's leaves. Chinquapin Oak (Quercus muehlenbergii), a Wisconsin Special Concern plant, is found in oak savannas, edges of woods, and banks along water. Chinkapin Oak Tree - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Hardiness: Varies with the species of oak tree ranging from zone 3 to zone 9. In publishing the name Quercus mühlenbergii, German-American botanist George Engelmann mistakenly used an umlaut in spelling Muhlenberg's name, even though Pennsylvania-born Muhlenberg himself did not use an umlaut in his name. These are bare root seedlings. The two species generally occur in different habitats: chinquapin oak is typically found on calcareous soils and rocky slopes, while dwarf chinkapin oak is usually found on acidic substrates, primarily sand or sandy soils, and also dry shales. Chinkapin Oak Fruit - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Chinkapin Oak Male Flowers - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Chinkapin Oak Twig - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, ISU Extension and Outreach Unlike most white oaks, it is tolerant of alkaline soil and needs a pH >7. Their trunks can grow to 3 feet in diameter. The chinkapin oak also has smaller acorns than the chestnut oak or another similar species, the swamp chestnut oak (Q. michauxii), which have some of the largest acorns of any oaks. feed on the acorns. It is absent or rare at high elevations in the Appalachians. American beech (Fagus grandifolia), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), pitch pine (P. rigida), Virginia pine (P. virginiana), Ozark chinkapin (Castanea ozarkensis), eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), bluejack oak (Quercus incana), southern red oak (Q. falcata), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), and winged elm (Ulmus alata) also grow in association with chinkapin oak. Chinkapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) is a native oak which is often not recognized as an oak when first encountered. Occasionally it is found on well-drained limestone soils along streams. The fruit, an acorn or nut, is borne singly or in pairs, matures in 1 year, and ripens in September or October. Strong tree, good for wildlife food and windbreaks. Its leaves are simple, alternate, 3 to 6 inches in length and 11/2 to 3 inches wide, with 8 to 13 pairs of veins and an equal number of large, sharply pointed teeth. Chinkapin Oak, and their acorns are larger in size (1" long or more). Growth Rate: slow ... Bark is thin like the white oak. The chinkapin oak is a large white oak tree that grows to between 45 and 110 ft. (20 – 33 m). The staminate flowers are borne in catkins that develop from the leaf axils of the previous year, and the pistillate flowers develop from the axils of the current year's leaves. [2], Chinkapin oak is closely related to the smaller but generally similar dwarf chinkapin oak (Quercus prinoides). However, some overlap in leaf characteristics can occur among these species, and they may hybridize in areas where their ranges overlap. Chinkapin oak is native to the Midwest, where it is often found as a specimen planting or as a grouping of tree for parks and large areas. It withstands moderate shading when young but becomes more intolerant of shade with age. Chinkapin oak is monoecious in flowering habit; flowers emerge in April to late May or early June. Even deer adore the sweet acorns of the Chinkapin. It is a component of the forest cover type White Oak-Black Oak-Northern Red Oak (Society of American Foresters Type 52) and the Post Oak-Blackjack Oak (Type 40) (2). [citation needed], Severe wildfire kills chinkapin oak saplings and small pole-size trees, but these often resprout. [citation needed], Oak wilt (Bretziella fagacearum), a vascular disease, attacks chinkapin oak and usually kills the tree within two to four years. Interesting Facts: Chinkapin oak is named because of the resemblance of the leaves to the Allegheny chinquapin (Castanea pumila), a relative of American chestnut (C. dentata). The bark of the Chinquapin oaks may exfoliate. Faunal Associations: The Obscure Scale (Melanaspis obscura) has been found on the bark of Dwarf Chinkapin Oak (Quercus prinoides), while larvae of the Round Bullet Gall Wasp (Disholcaspis quercusglobulus) form galls on the branches of this oak and larvae of other gall wasps (Cynipidae) form galls on its buds (ScaleNet, 2014; Bassett, 1881).). Capable of growing upwards of 100 feet. Leaves: Alternate, simple, lobed; lobes with rounded tips, Seed Dispersal Dates: September - October. On more moist sites it is subclimax to climax. The acorn weevils (Curculio spp. Grows well in rocky or good soil. Its common associates include white oak, bur oak, black oak, ironwood, redcedar, and the hickories. Dwarf Chinkapin Oak Bark - Photo by Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org . It ranges from Vermont to Minnesota, south to the Florida panhandle, and west to New Mexico in the United States. Chinkapin oak is native to the Midwest, where it is often found as a specimen planting or as a grouping of tree for parks and large areas. The two species have contrasting kinds of bark: Chinkapin oak has a gray, flaky bark very similar to that of white oak (Q. alba) but with a more yellow-brown cast to it (hence the occasional name yellow oak for this species), while chestnut oak has dark, solid, deeply ridged bark. It does not have lobed leaves like most other oaks; its leaves are toothed like a chestnut. Chinkapin Oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) is a fantastic tree to add for attracting and feeding wildlife. The fruit, an acorn or nut, is borne singly or in pairs, matures in 1 year, and ripens in September or October. and greenbrier (Smilax spp.). Chinkapin oaks perform well in alkaline soils. Quercus muehlenbergii (often misspelled as muhlenbergii) is native to eastern and central North America. Growth Rate: slow ... Bark is thin like the white oak. With chestnut-type leaves beautiful tree, but these often resprout when first encountered red or purplish red, turning dark... Wood can be found in dry rocky or sandy soils along streams and pole-size... Can occur among these species, and gall forming cynipids ( Callirhytis.. With a pale gray, scaly ridged central trunk common woody vines are grape. Thick, firm, light yellow green above and lighter green to silvery white below scientific honors! 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